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Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) arresters are essential protection components in power systems. They protect power systems from over voltage, momentary overvoltages and lightning strikes. GDT arresters are also called surge arresters, lightning arresters or transient voltage surge suppressors (TVSS).The surge arresters are used for limiting the peak amplitude of transients and momentary overvoltage on power lines.GDT surge arresters consist of a spark gap, a spark gap resistor and three electrodes (anode, cathode and post electrode). The spark gap consists of two metal electrodes separated by an air or gas gap. The spark gap resistor is a resistive element placed between the electrodes. The spark gap resistor helps regulate and control the current. The post electrode acts as an electrical connection between the spark gap and the rest of the arrester.GDT surge arresters have three primary functions:• It limits the peak voltage on power lines. • It limits the current on power lines. • It protects the equipment and systems connected to the power lines.The working principle of GDT surge arresters is based on the physical properties of the spark gap. When the transient voltage rises beyond the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the spark gap will break down allowing an electric discharge to occur. The electric discharge limits the magnitude of the transient voltage. In other words, the spark gap breaks down at a certain voltage, which limits the voltage on power lines.In addition, the spark gap also limits the current on power lines. When the current on the line rises beyond the limit of the spark gap, it will break down preventing further current from passing through. This helps to protect the connected equipment and systems.The surge arresters are made of materials with a high resistance to electric current surge. The arresters must be designed with a high current rating to be able to withstand the magnitudes of the transient over voltages.The material used in GDT surge arresters and the properties of the spark gap affect the performance of the arresters. Generally, GDT arresters are designed to have a breakdown voltage of 1.5 times the nominal operating voltage. This helps ensure proper protection for connected equipment and systems.GDT surge arresters are widely used in several industries such as electrical, electronics, telecommunications, and utilities. GDT arresters have been used in the energy industry since the early days of power systems. With the improvement in technology and materials, the performance of GDT arresters has improved significantly.In the future, with the development of new materials and technologies, the performance of GDT arresters will be further improved and GDT arresters will be used in more industries. GDT arresters will also become more reliable and cost-effective. With its unique features and advantages, GDT arresters will be more widely used for power line protection.

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