400SAW18MEFC12.5X20

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Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

An aluminum electrolytic capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy through electric charge. Its name comes from its construction, which combines an electrolyte with aluminum foil and a non-metallic separator. Like other capacitors, it has a positive and negative plate. Pass current between them and the capacitor stores energy.

The main application of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is in filtering circuits. The stored energy helps reduce the noise in the signal. This makes them a preferred choice in audio and radio circuits. They are also used in power supplies, voltage stabilizers and switch-mode power supplies. The most common devices using aluminum electrolytic capacitors are computers, medical electronic components, telecommunication devices and consumer electronics.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be categorized according to their size, voltage and capacitance. For example, a 400SAW18MEFC12.5X20 is a 400 millimeter (15.7 inch) long, 18 millimeter (0.7 inch) wide aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a maximum operating voltage of 12.5 volts and a capacitance range from 0.5 to 2 microfarads.

The working principle of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is based on Faraday’s Law. This law states that when a voltage is applied across two electrodes separated by an electrolyte, the current will flow between them. As the current flows, it causes a charge to accumulate on the aluminum foil, creating a capacitance. The higher the applied voltage, the higher the capacitance, and thus, the more energy the capacitor can store.

The charge stored in an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is constantly “leaking” through the electrolyte. This causes the capacitor to “self-discharge.” This is a gradual process and can occur at varying rates depending on the temperature and the type of electrolyte used. The rate of self-discharge is generally higher in lower temperatures and with higher levels of humidity.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are highly reliable components, but their effectiveness diminishes over time. They are also affected by performance-degrading physical stress such as vibration and shock. Also, life expectancy is highly dependent on the quality and type of electrolyte used in the capacitor. As a result, it is important to select the right combination of size, voltage, and capacitance when choosing aluminum electrolytic capacitors.

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