L6591

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The L6591 is a Power Management IC (PMIC) from STMicroelectronics, used for controlling AC and DC converters, and offline switchers. It is a monolithic PWM integrated circuit which provides both primary and secondary overvoltage protection, and maximum power points tracking (MPPT).

The applications for the L6591 PMIC are diverse. It is designed to control IEEE 802.3af (or PoE) compliant AC-DC power supplies, as well as DC-DC on/off and buck switching converters. It can be used as a single chip solution for offline flyback, forward and integrated forward-flyback converters with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability. Other applications include LED drivers and low power microprocessor power supply systems.

The L6591 PMIC comprises four stages: control stage, main power stage, post power stage, and synchronization stage. The control stage is based on an advanced primary side control, which classifies and controls the power stage through an internal reference, digital signals, and external duty cycling signals. The primary side control provides maximum efficiency and flexibility to the circuit and allows for a wide range of operating frequency and output voltage settings. The main power stage is based on an externally adjustable on/off time current mode PWM controller with adjustable peak current level and adjustable dead-time. The post power stage implements a current-mode secondary converter, with a double flyback topology, allowing for a wide range of output voltage settings. The synchronization stage allows for synchronization of the AC/DC converter with an external clock in the range of 0 to 10 MHz.

The L6591 PMIC utilises different techniques for communication and exchange of information with an external MCU or other control systems. It has an embedded ADC converter which monitors the input voltage, the output voltage and the power stage’s temperature. This information can be used by the compensator circuit, which includes a voltage loop, a power loop and an offset compensator, to optimise the system performance and reduce switching losses. Additionally, the L6591 PMIC has a built-in integrated intelligence (I2C) interface, allowing external MCU to set various parameters, such as switching frequency, allowing for a more user-friendly experience.

The L6591 PMIC also features a powerful integrated protection feature. This includes an adjustable overvoltage protection (OVP) with latching mechanism, adjustable undervoltage protection, adjustable overcurrent protection (OCP), overtemperature protection, cycle-by-cycle current limiting protection, and a fault reporting interface. These features ensure a safe operation and protect the circuit from damage.

The L6591 PMIC is an ideal choice for a wide range of AC/DC or DC/DC power supply applications. It offers a high integration level, a wide range of protection features, and a highly efficient, low power consumption design. Moreover, the advanced control and communication capabilities provide a user-friendly experience, allowing for a more efficient and safe operation.

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