SG7912T

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Linear voltage regulators, commonly known as voltage regulators, are designed to regulate and output a constant, stable voltage despite the fluctuations in input voltage or load impedance on a power grid. These regulators, generally speaking, operate by comparing an internal reference voltage to an input voltage and then selectively activating a series of transistors to either decrease or increase the output voltage. SG7912T is a monolithic, low dropout voltage regulator that operates from an input voltage ranging from 2.5V to 16V and outputs a voltage range from 1.2-13V. It also allows for adjustable output voltage setting and an (optional) external shutdown control.

Overview

SG7912T is a monolithic, low dropout voltage regulator IC, design with high efficiency and robust, low noise regulation in mind. It allows for input voltage ranges from 2.5 to 16V and outputs from 1.2V up to 13V. It is available in a variety of standard packages, including SOT-89, SIP and TO-220. It has a guarenteed output short-circuit current limit of 750mA or 1A depending on part number.

Features

• • Wide input voltage range: 2.5V - 16V
• • Low dropout voltage: typically 2.5V @ 750mA
• • Adjustable output voltage
• • Crossover line regulation: 4mV @ 750mA
• • Internal thermal shutdown and current limit
• • Outputs of 1.2V to 13V
• • Available in variety of packages
• • External shutdown control (optional)

Typical Applications

SG7912T is a highly efficient and reliable solution for applications that require a low voltage regulator, such as in automotive, communication, consumer and industrial products. Typical applications for SG7912T include:

• Battery-powered portable devices
• Automotive systems
• Power Management Units
• Consumer electronics
• Palmtop/Notebook PCs
• PC Peripherals
• Radio Control Systems

Operation

SG7912T is a switched-mode voltage regulator, using feedback control to maintain a constant voltage output. Its operation relies on three main components:

• 1. Error Amplifier: This component regulates the output of the regulator by comparing the output voltage to an internal reference voltage.
• 2. Pulsewidth Modulator (PWM): This component is triggered by the error amplifier to turn the pass element off, thereby reducing the output voltage.
• 3. Pass Element: The pass element is typically a low-resistance transistor, which is switched on and off rapidly by the PWM to bring the output voltage level into regulation.

The linear regulator operates in three main stages:

1. Input voltage is V_IN and the Pass Element’s collector voltage is V_OUT.This is the quiescent or off mode where the regulator is in steady state and no corrective action is necessary.
2. The error amplifier begins to compare the output voltage V_OUT to the internal reference voltage V_REF.If the output voltage is too high, the PWM turns the pass element off, reducing the output voltage.
3. The pass element is turned off until the output voltage drops to the desired level. Once the desired voltage is achieved, the error amplifier turns the pass element back on, allowing the output voltage to increase until it reaches the regulation level.

Limitations

Although SG7912T is a highly efficient and reliable linear voltage regulator, it is not without its limitations. Some of the common limitations of this device include:

• Maximum input voltage: 16V.
• Minimum input voltage: 2.5V.
• Ripple rejection is 60dB at 100KHz.
• Dropout voltage is typically 2.5V at 750mA.

Conclusion

SG7912T is a monolithic linear voltage regulator designed for use in a variety of applications. It offers a wide input voltage range and adjustable output voltage, guding high efficiency and robust low noise regulation. It is a reliable and efficient solution for applications requiring a voltage regulator with the above specifications.

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