TPS2421-1DDA

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TPS2421-1DDA is a cost-effective and high-performance over-voltage protection circuit developed by Texas Instruments. It is mainly used in hot swap applications such as hot plugging, over-voltage requirements and precision inrush current control. It has a few integrated protection functions, including inrush current limiting, over-voltage protection and adjustable current limit protection. The controller also includes brownout protection and short circuit protection.

TPS2421-1DDA belongs to the PMIC (Power Management IC) category, specifically Hot Swap Controllers, and is mainly used in applications that require high currents such as server blades and storage solutions. It is also suitable for applications such as data centers, PoE (Power over Ethernet) systems, medical EKG/MRI machines, and FPGA/GPU computing. In hot-swap applications of this nature, the device features a low quiescent current, a built-in charge pump for over-voltage protection, and adjustable inrush current limit and over-voltage protection.

The device operates on a 3.3 V to 28 V input voltage range. Its input voltage must be larger than 8.5 V to maintain a valid inrush current limit value. The over-voltage protection is enabled by a combination of a built-inCharge Pump, a level shifter and a PNP transistor. The charge pump provides a high voltage rail of about 9 V to the level shifter, which then generates a control signal to the PNP transistor.

The working principle of TPS2421-1DDA can be divided into two parts: inrush current limiting and over-voltage protection. The inrush current is limited by the internal resistor, Rds ( typically 740 m, can be adjusted from 240 m to 6.8 k), connected between the OUT and IN pins of the device. The over-voltage protection is enabled by the over-voltage circuit which consists of the charge pump, PNP transistor and level shifter, when the input voltage exceeds the OVLO threshold ( typically 10 V). The circuit will then turn off the output voltage via the PNP transistor and hence prevents damage to the load.

Therefore the TPS2421-1DDA is a cost effective solution for over-voltage protection in hot-swap applications. It is a versatile solution with various adjustable protective and over-voltage protection functions, adjustable inrush current limit and adjustable over-voltage protection. With its low quiescent current, built-in charge pump, level shifter and PNP transistor, it is the perfect device for use in high current applications such as server blades, storage solutions, PoE systems and medical EKG/MRI machines.

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