TOP232Y

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The TOP232Y is an integrated high-voltage off-line switcher. It is suitable for providing power to numerous appliances, such as household appliances, satellite receivers, microwave ovens and desktop computers. This integrated circuit from Toshiba contains the necessary components required for a complete off-line switching power supply including the power MOSFET, the control and protection IC, optoisolators, snubber and rectifier diodes. The TOP232Y has low cost, small size, low power consumption and excellent performance features combined with a minimum number of external components required for power supplies.

Application field

The TOP232Y is mainly used in switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) and flyback converter topologies with output power up to 50W. It can also be used in all types of AC/DC converters such as isolated and non-isolated adapters, battery chargers, LCD TV power supplies and LED drivers. The integrated circuit includes various protective features such as over voltage protection, over load protection and short-circuit protection making it versatile and applicable in various industrial and consumer applications.

Working principle

The operation of the TOP232Y involves several stages. The first being the zero current detection circuit, which is used to detect the zero-crossing of the AC voltage waveform. During this process the LED of an optoisolator is turned on for a short period of time which is used to switch the power MOSFET. When the AC waveform has its zero current crossing, the power MOSFET is turned on thereby allowing the current to flow from the primary winding of the transformer to the output of the adapter. Once the output is reached, current is controlled by the current regulating circuit, sometimes referred to as an active clamp circuit inside the IC. It measures the sense voltage across the opto coupler and regulates the current at a predetermined level. This in turn prevents any over current or over load conditions.

The last stage of operation is the output voltage control circuit. This circuit monitors the adapter output voltage at all times and feeds back the sensing voltage to the opto coupler. It then adjusts the main switch on time to ensure the correct output voltage is maintained.

To summarise, the TOP232Y operates by a combination of zero current detection, current regulation and output voltage control to create a reliable and efficient off-line switcher for various AC/DC converter applications.

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