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A rectifier is an electronic device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), making it easier to use electrical power. A single phase full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier that makes use of two of their states during the positive and negative cycles of AC voltage. This is done by dividing the single phase AC sine wave into two equal voltage level parts, with one part flowing like a normal forward bias and the other, in the opposite direction, being a reverse biased junction.

A single phase full wave rectifier is commonly used in most power supplies, especially in low-cost power supplies. The power supplies found in average household appliances, such as TV sets, washing machines and computers, tend to have a single phase rectifier that operates on single-phase alternating current (AC) from the wall outlet.

In its simplest form, a single phase full wave rectifier consists of two imput diodes in series, with the AC voltage sine wave applied across the two diodes. A single phase full wave rectifier has its own set of advantages as compared to other rectifiers. First, the two diodes used in single phase full wave rectifiers result in more energy efficiency as opposed to other rectifiers that use multiple diodes.

Another advantage of single phase full wave rectifiers is that they are able to operate at very high frequencies. This makes them suitable for microwave applications, such as in the communications sector. Finally, they produce smoother DC output, which is useful in audio equipment and other applications that require ripple-free output.

A single phase full wave rectifier operates on the principle of changing the direction of the input AC current at different times so that the output current is unidirectional. During the positive cycle, the top most diode become forward biased, allowing the current to flow through it. As soon as the input AC sine wave crosses the origin, both diodes become reverse biased, blocking the current. On the negative cycle, the bottom diode becomes forward biased as the input AC input crosses the origin in the negative direction, allowing the current to flow through it. When the input voltage becomes positive again, both the diodes become reverse biased and the process repeats.

Single phase full wave rectifiers have numerous advantages over other types of rectifiers. They are highly efficient, can operate at high frequencies, provide smooth DC output, and are most suitable for low-cost power supplies. As a result, single phase full wave rectifiers are very popular in many industries, ranging from communications to household appliances.

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