TPS23521PWT

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PMIC or Power Management IC, are components used in electronic board applications to manage power delivery in the system. In particular, Hot Swap Controllers such as the TPS23521PWT are used to protect systems during power-on sequence and to switch power on, safely, without jerking. Hot Swap Controllers are used, primarily, to provide power control on ASICs, FPGAs, and DSPs. This example of the TPS23521PWT, will be used to explore the application fields and working principle of these components.

The application fields for Hot Swap Controllers such as the TPS23521PWT, predominately covers applications that require robust current-sourcing capabilities and power sequencing such as PCIe hotplug, PCIe Gen 2 and PCIe Gen 3 graphics cards, and FPGA-based systems. The Hot Swap Controller, in such systems, ensures that the power is applied in a controlled fashion. While this is typically used in server applications, it can also be a viable solution for desktop protection as well.

In a Hot Swap Controller application, the TPS23521PWT of the Hot Swap Controller will typically be configured to detect and recognize a specific sequencing pattern or button press. The integrated current-source can provide up to 8A of load current with a total of 15V peak (95W) across the terminal, with a 120mΩ typical on-resistance. This is done to prevent damage to device and the system itself from the sudden application of large amounts of power.

Furthermore, the Hot Swap Controller features an adjustable OVP that can set protection thresholds for both over- and undervoltage conditions, as well as Output Disable, rDS(on), and Reset features. This ensures that even when the voltage applied is up to 24V, the device will not be damaged. Additionally, the Hot Swap Controller also offers undervoltage and monitoring features.

The working principle of a Hot Swap Controller, like the TPS23521PWT, is fairly simple. The Hot Swap Controller is connected between the power source and load, and the load must be powered off before the Hot Swap Controller can be engaged. Once a voltage is applied to the Hot Swap Controller, the supply voltage is measured, and if it is between the pre-defined thresholds, the controller then allows the Power FET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) to be switched on to engage power to the load.

Once the FET is engaged, the Hot Swap Controller monitors the output voltage and current, which is then passed on to the System Supervisor. If the system is operating within the normal parameters, then the Hot Swap Controller will not take any action, otherwise it will shut off the FET if the measurement exceeds the programmed thresholds. The Hot Swap Controller also allows the Power FET to be shut off manually, without the need for an external switch.

The TPS23521PWT Hot Swap Controller is a great example of how power management ICs are able to protect systems from over- and under-voltage conditions. Its versatile features – such as the OVP, Output Disable, rDS(on), monitoring, and Reset capabilities – make it a feasible alternative to other Hot Swap Controllers. With applications in a wide range of power control systems, the Hot Swap Controller is a great tool to have in any system designer’s bag of tricks.

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